Squat Stance & the Olympic Lifts: The Snatch & Clean Receiving Positions
Greg Everett
November 13 2012
With the Olympic lifts, it’s easy to wander a little too far down the rabbit hole and find yourself lost amid overwhelming detail. There are times when such detail is necessary and helpful, but at other times, the best course of action is to simplify. Sometimes this just means reassessing a problem with a perspective guided by simplicity—that is, returning to the basics to fix the complex.
If you’re struggling to figure out why your snatch and clean receiving positions are unreliable, uncomfortable or otherwise not working well for you, take a look at your back squat and front squat stance and movement. Surprisingly often, athletes use different squat stances for the back squat, front squat and overhead squat—this is usually in response to the different demands on position and flexibility and what they presently can and can’t get away with. Something I try to emphasize is that each athlete should have one squat stance—this stance should be the same in the back squat, front squat, overhead squat, snatch, clean, power snatch, power clean and power jerk. It doesn’t get much simpler than that, yet this creates problems for athletes who have been working around various inflexibilities or habits rather than addressing the source of the issues.
The goal of squatting in the context of the Olympic lifts is straightforward: to achieve maximal depth with the most upright posture possible (it should go without saying that we also need proper spinal extension and balance across the foot). This is what allows the athlete to create the structure necessary to best support weights overhead in the snatch or on the shoulders in the clean.
Every repetition of every exercise you perform is practice—if you want to improve your performance, you better take those repetitions seriously and execute them in a manner that supports your objectives. Applying this to weightlifting and the squat stance, every time you squat, you’re practicing and reinforcing a particular position and movement pattern, along with reinforcing patterns of flexibility. If this position and movement is different than what you need in the snatch and clean, you’re complicating what should be a simple element of these lifts and creating difficulty where it doesn’t need to exist.
This problem is often at the root of large disparities between an athlete’s squat and Olympic lift numbers. When you compare the similar elements of the lifts (i.e. the squat), you see totally different movements and positions. A common example is a lifter who squats with the toes and knees more forward, yet in order to achieve the postures necessary for the snatch and clean to be successful, needs to squat with the toes and knees spread more. There are two potential problems created now: Either the athlete is continually receiving snatches and cleans with this squat stance, which prevents them from executing the lifts successfully, or they’re weak and imbalanced when receiving snatches and cleans with the proper stance because they simply haven’t trained a high enough volume of quality repetition with it. In both cases, a strong athlete misses lifts that should be easy makes, or worse, risks injury for no good reason.
A related problem is the lifter who likes to cheat depth when squatting rather than sitting all the way in. This athlete will often be able to stop short similarly in the snatch and clean up to a certain point, and then beyond this threshold, suddenly falls apart, either getting buried in the bottom of the clean or unable to stabilize a snatch overhead. This is such a silly reason to be missing lifts—watching it happen is one of the things that irritates me most as a coach, especially when that lifter proceeds to whine about missing yet ignores repeated instructions to squat right.
Ultimately, I see this problem as a symptom of being lazy and impatient in a sense. It happens when athletes are more interested in hurrying through their workouts than in ensuring the quality of every rep taken, or in inflating strength numbers by altering the movement. Neither of these is a behavior of an athlete motivated to achieve the best possible results—decide what kind of athlete you want to be and train accordingly.
How do you fix all this? Very simple: Find your correct squat stance and use it for every squat you do, and when you squat, snatch and clean, always—I mean always—sit all the way in. If you’re trying to recover from a long period of bad habits, sit in the bottom of all snatches and overhead squats for 2-3 seconds before standing—and when I say the bottom, I meant the bottom. Pause back squats are a great exercise as well for strengthening the deepest part of the squat. It’s not that fun, but neither is missing lifts you should be making.
What are your thoughts on the knees tracking over the toes?
If the former, knees should generally track in line with the feet for a number of reasons that have been covered by others better than I could do justice.
If the latter, this position often elicits much questioning among folks (or maybe just the folks that I train) but if in fact someone has achieved veritcal torso, wieght distributed through mid-foot and heel with the barbell over their midline, then knees over the toes is more a function of individual anatomy i.e. femur length than poor position. I generally have folks focus more on all the characteristics of a good squat outlined above (in Greg's article) and those I've indicated than whether one's knee has tracked beyond the foot because only those with relatively short femurs can maintain that good quality squat position and keep their knee behind their toes absolutely. I this is a topic that has been used by people outside of olympic lifting to bemoan reasons to not Oly lift, so I have been keen to respond when I hear this topic come up.
Yes, the knees should move over the toes, that is, the thighs should be approximately parallel with the feet. There will be some variance here due to a number of factors, but this is a good guideline. And as LeRoy said, unless you're extremely short-legged or have huge feet, your knees will have to move forward of the toes in order to sit into a full depth, upright squat.
That's most likely a mental issue - a lack of confidence in that deep receiving position with heavy weights. I would suggest more overhead work like OHS and snatch balance variations along with high-hang or high block snatches to force you to work on pulling down into a low receiving position. Also hold the bottom of all your snatches for a couple seconds.
And of course - more snatching will always help.
-jj
First I would say sorry for my english, I hope everyone will understand what I would say:) .
I can not find (in your book and in other comments) explanation about some detail (or not details:) ) in back squat (to improve OlimpicLifts)
I even argue with couple "coaches" about bottom position of back squat.
First as you say back squat must be perform with upper body as upright as its possible.
What if the pelvic rotates (upper part of pelvic to backward), in bottom position of squat (the spite, thigh are far below parallel to the ground)
and this move of pelvic stretching, earlier straighten lumbar spine) and makes curve in this part of spine.
Some of the coaches who I argue with, say it's wrong to stretch earlier straighten lumbar spine and thats means, the back squat is to low and first that person should doing higher squats and doing day by day this possition lower.
But it's ridiculous.. back squat as most functional movement
should be perform in full range. (of course without wrong knees, heel on the ground and upright position with straight spine in chest section)
please write me your suggestions about any move of pelvic in bottom position of back squat.
I hope this description is understandable
If an athlete cannot maintain proper spinal extension in the lowest position, he needs to work on flexbility until he can. Until then, he should be careful to not lift very heavy weights to this depth if this loss of extension is significant.
When I sit all the way in on a squat, my spine starts to round. Should I be stopping before that? My current coach has me going just to parallel b/c of that.
You should only go as low as you can while maintaining that back arch. Keep working on strengthening your lower back and stretching your hips and hamstrings. Keep working on sitting as low as you can into the squat while keeping that back in good position, and over time you should improve your depth.
-Steve
Austin
If you do a true Olympic squat, there will be no question whether or not you've reached full depth, and certainly no need for a spotter to tell you so - if your hamstrings are on your calves and you can't sit any deeper, you're there. Your back will be fine as long as you're flexible enough to sit into this depth while maintaining a proper spinal position, which you may not be if you've been squatting shallow only. Work on your flexibility and practice full depth squats with an empty bar or very light weights until you can reach full depth properly.
While I generally hold pause back squats for 5 count (3 + seconds) I'm wondering if you advocate stretch reflex squatting for a pure squat. I've been using it and lost a few singles just before parallel in the past week. I'm looking for quality not quantity weight wise and any suggestions as far as tempo goes are appreciated.
A normal tempo squat should use a stretch reflex in the bottom.
In your case, full-depth has to take into consideration whatever limitations you have from the injuries. Do what you can to safely improve your ROM, but don't push into the range of re-injury.
Kind of. Here are a few-
Sample Weightlifting Flexibilty Program
The Superhero Complex: Stretch & Activate Easily For Squats
Flexibility For The Overhead Squat
The counter argument I have heard may also make sense: the back squat is to be strong in the first pull, so the stance should reflect that postion (starting width).
The front squat is to be strong standing up from the clean, and should be in that stance (a bit wider than the back squat).
I tend to follow more your argument.
Greg Everett